Adjust an oven rack to the middle position and preheat the oven to 450 degrees Fahrenheit.
In a large bowl, combine the broccoli florets, olive oil, minced garlic, and a generous sprinkle of salt and freshly ground black pepper. Toss until evenly coated.
Transfer the seasoned broccoli to a prepared baking sheet and spread in an even layer.
Roast until tender-crisp and browning around the edges, about 20 to 25 minutes.
Remove from the oven and sprinkle with Parmesan cheese while hot.
Serve with lemon wedges.